BACKGROUND: Previous studies have evaluated the implementation of behavioral approaches in individuals with chronic temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the benefits of a behavioral approach to craniofacial pain. Second, we assessed the benefits of kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, mouth opening without pain, and forward head posture. METHODS: Individuals with chronic TMDs were treated for five weeks. The intervention group (n = 17) underwent pain neuroscience education, manual therapy, and therapeutic exercise, whereas the control group (n = 17) underwent manual therapy only. Outcomes were evaluated immediately, at seven and 19 weeks follow-up. The assessment tools used were the Craniofacial Pain Disability Inventory, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, Mandibular Range of Motion Scale, and Cervical Range of Motion Tool. RESULTS: The interventions did not influence the differences in the improvements between the groups observed for craniofacial pain disability (inter-subject p 0.4). The intervention had a moderate influence on the improvement of kinesiophobia and catastrophizing (Inter-subject p 0.09 and 0.1 respectively) with a clinically significant effect size (Estimated mean (EM) -8.6 standard deviation (SD) +/-3.48 p = 0.019; and EM -7.6 SD +/- 5.11 p = 0.15 respectively). CONCLUSION: The behavioral approach improved catastrophizing and kinesiophobia outcomes in individuals with chronic TMDs.

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