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Effects of high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on body composition and blood biomarkers in coronary artery disease patients: a randomized controlled trial
Goncalves C, Raimundo A, Abreu A, Pais J, Bravo J
Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine 2024 Mar 11;25(3):102
clinical trial
7/10 [Eligibility criteria: Yes; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: Yes; Adequate follow-up: Yes; Intention-to-treat analysis: Yes; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

BACKGROUND: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is essential in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as a promising exercise intervention for enhancing clinical outcomes in cardiac patients. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two short-term exercise-based programs employing HIIT and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in comparison to a control group concerning blood pressure, body composition, and blood biomarkers in patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: Seventy-two CAD patients (14% women) underwent randomization into three groups: HIIT, MICT, and control. The training programs encompassed six weeks of supervised treadmill exercises, conducted thrice weekly. MICT targeted 70 to 75% of peak heart rate (HRpeak), while HIIT was tailored to 85 to 95% of HRpeak. The control group received guidance on adopting healthy lifestyles. Outcome measurements included evaluations of blood pressure, body composition, and blood biomarkers. RESULTS: In contrast to MICT, the HIIT exhibited superior improvements in body fat mass (DELTA %HIIT: 4.5%, p < 0.001 versus DELTA %MICT: 3.2%, p < 0.001), waist circumference (DELTA %HIIT: 4.1%, p = 0.002 versus DELTA %MICT: 2.5%, p = 0.002), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (DELTA %HIIT: 10.4%, p < 0.001 versus DELTA %MICT: 32.3%, p < 0.001) and thyrotropin (TSH) (DELTA %HIIT: 16.5%, p = 0.007 versus DELTA %MICT: 3.1%, p = 0.201). Both HIIT and MICT induced significant enhancements across all variables compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: HIIT and MICT emerged as effective modalities for enhancing systolic and diastolic function, body composition, and blood biomarkers in CAD patients, with HIIT demonstrating incremental improvements over MICT. The absence of participation in exercise-based programs following cardiovascular events yielded less favorable outcomes. HIIT holds promise as an adjunct intervention in CR programs for CAD patients. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03538119.

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