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Lifestyle intervention for cardiovascular disease risk factors in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Khouja JH, Al Jasir B, Bargawi AA, Kutbi M
Cureus 2020 Nov;12(11):e11791
clinical trial
5/10 [Eligibility criteria: Yes; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: No; Adequate follow-up: Yes; Intention-to-treat analysis: No; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the major cause of global mortality. Applying a comprehensive interventional program may reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease and its complications. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effects of a three-month intervention involving lifestyle modification and physical activity with standard care in women >= 30 years having a moderate to high risk of CVD, with respect to improving physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk factors at the National Guard Residential City in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in 2015. METHODS: The effects of this community-based lifestyle program were assessed through a randomized controlled trial from January 1st to September 6th, 2015. Women in the intervention group (n = 31) received health education, exercise training, and diet counselling as individuals and in groups according to the participant's risk. Women in the control group (n = 28) received one health education session at the screening site. The primary outcome was the proportion of women with moderate Framingham risk scores (FRS) reducing their risk by 10% and the proportion of women with high FRS reducing their risk by 25%. The secondary outcome was the proportion of women reducing their risk by >= 1 risk category. RESULTS: The mean participant age was 42 +/- 8 years. At three-month's follow-up, reductions were greater in the intervention group and the difference between groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Lifestyle intervention program significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (-9.2 mmHg), blood glucose (-45 mg/dL) and Framingham risk score (-13.6). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant improvement in the Framingham risk score (p < 0.01). Conclusion In a population of women with moderate-to-high risk of CVD, a personalized lifestyle modification program showed positive association in improving the 10-year cardiovascular Framingham risk score after three months.

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