BACKGROUND: One of the pathological hallmarks distinguishing Alzheimer's disease from other dementias is the accumulation of amyloid beta (Abeta). Higher physical activity is associated with decreased dementia risk, and one potential path could be through Abeta levels modulation. We aimed to explore the relationship between physical activity and Abeta in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and SPORTDiscus was performed from inception to April 28, 2022. Studies were eligible if they included physical activity and Abeta data in adults aged 45 years or older. Multi-level meta-analyses of intervention and observational studies were performed to examine the role of physical activity in modulating Abeta levels. RESULTS: In total, 37 articles were included (8 randomized controlled trials, 3 non-randomized controlled trials, 4 prospective longitudinal studies, and 22 cross-sectional studies). The overall effect size of physical activity interventions on changes in blood Abeta was medium (pooled standardized mean difference -0.69, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) -1.41 to 0.03; I2 74.6%). However, these results were not statistically significant, and there were not enough studies to explore the effects of physical activity on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain Abeta. Data from observational studies were examined based on measurements of Abeta in the brain using positron emission tomography scans, CSF, and blood. Higher physical activity was positively associated with Abeta only in the CSF (Estimate r 0.12; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.18; I2 38.00%). CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity might moderately reduce blood Abeta in middle-aged and older adults. However, results were only near statistical significance and might be interpreted with caution given the methodological limitations observed in some of the included studies. In observational studies, higher levels of physical activity were positively associated with Abeta only in CSF. Therefore, further research is needed to understand the modulating role of physical activity in the brain, CSF, and blood Abeta, as well as its implication for cognitive health.

Full text (sometimes free) may be available at these link(s):      help

• PubMed Central
• DOI
• PubMed
• PDF locator
• publisher