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Very low-carbohydrate high-fat diet improves risk markers for cardiometabolic health more than exercise in men and women with overfat constitution: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled clinical trial
Cipryan L, Litschmannova M, Maffetone PB, Plews DJ, Dostal T, Hofmann P, Laursen PB
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022 May 23;9(867690):Epub
clinical trial
This trial has not yet been rated.

PURPOSE: This randomized controlled parallel-group study examined the effects of a very low-carbohydrate high-fat (VLCHF) diet and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program over 12-weeks on cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with overfat constitution. METHODS: Ninety-one participants out of 109 completed the study. The participants were randomly allocated to the HIIT (n = 22), VLCHF (n = 25), VLCHF plus HIIT (n = 25), or control (n = 19) groups for 12 weeks. Fasting plasma samples were collected before the intervention and after 4 and 12 weeks. The analyzed outcomes included complete blood count, glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein (HDL-C and LDL-C), lipoprotein (a), adiponectin (Adpn), leptin (Lep), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), other interleukins (hs-IL-6, IL-1beta, and IL-10), and IL-1RA. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Adpn/Lep ratio, TG/HDL-C ratio, and TyG index were calculated and analyzed. Blood pressure was measured before the intervention, after 4, 8, and 12 weeks (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03934476). RESULTS: Absolute changes in HOMA-IR, Adpn/Lep ratio, LDL-C, and diastolic blood pressure after 12 weeks differed by study groups (p < 0.05). The most pronounced changes were revealed in the VLCHF (DELTAM (95% CI) HOMA-IR -0.75 (-1.13 to -0.55); Adpn/Lep 9.34 (6.33 to 37.39); LDL-C 0.06 (-0.12 to 0.50) mmol/l) and VLCHF plus HIIT (HOMA-IR -0.44 (-1.14 to 0.12); Adpn/Lep 4.26 (2.24 to 13.16); LDL-C 0.25 (-0.04 to 0.50) mmol/l) groups. CONCLUSIONS: A 12-week VLCHF diet intervention in individuals with overfat constitution is effective for favorable changes in HOMA-IR (compared to HIIT), Adpn/Lep ratio, and diastolic blood pressure. HIIT, or HIIT combined with the VLCHF diet, had no additional benefits for the analyzed variables. No adverse side effects were observed.

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