INTRODUCTION: Ultrasound guided-percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation appears to be effective in the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the immediate effects of one session of percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the radial nerve in patients with lateral elbow pain. METHODS: A randomized clinical trial was conducted. Sixty patients with chronic lateral elbow pain were allocated into real-percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (n = 30) or sham-percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (n = 30) where the patients received one-single session of the real or sham percutaneous stimulation on the radial nerve, respectively. Pressure pain thresholds, pain intensity, pain-free grip strength, and the self-perceived improvement were evaluated after the intervention. RESULTS: Significant differences between groups for pain intensity (-11.55, 95% CI -21.79 to -1.30, p < 0.028), but not for pressure pain threshold or pain-free grip strength, were found. Patients receiving real-percutaneous stimulation had significant improvement in pain-free grip strength on the treated side. The proportion of individuals reporting moderate to large self-perceived improvement (>= 4) was significantly higher (p = 0.026) after real-percutaneous stimulation than after sham-percutaneous stimulation. CONCLUSION: A single session of real-percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation targeting the radial nerve in subjects with lateral elbow pain decreased pain intensity between groups and increased pain-free grip strength on the treated side but not between groups.

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