OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the influence of aerobic exercise training on inhibitory control of executive functions in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. DESIGN: Single-blind randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Outpatient Physical Therapy Clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Children aged 7 to 11 with left-sided hemiplegic cerebral palsy with emotional and behavioral dysregulation evidenced by scores > 28 on Paediatric Symptom Checklist and GMFCS I or II (n = 60). INTERVENTION: Participants were randomly allocated into two equal groups. The control group received standard-of-care physical therapy for 1 h, and the aerobic exercise group received standard-of-care physical therapy for 30 min and moderate-intensity continuous exercise on a bicycle ergometer for 30 min. All groups received treatment three times a week for 12 weeks. MAIN MEASURES: The Eriksen Flanker test and Stroop Color-Word test were used to assess inhibitory control of executive function at the baseline and after 12 weeks. RESULTS: Differences between pre- and post-treatment values in the exercise group showed significant improvement in Flanker response accuracy and Stroop response accuracy (p = 0.001) and significant decreases in Flanker congruent reaction time and Stroop congruent reaction time (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between both groups in Flanker incongruent reaction time and Stroop incongruent reaction time (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic exercise has a promising effect on inhibitory control of executive function in children with left-sided hemiplegic cerebral palsy.

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