Adults with prediabetes are at risk for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia (ADRD). While exercise may lower ADRD risk, the exact mechanism is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that short-term exercise would raise neuronal insulin signaling and pro-BDNF in neuronal extracellular vesicles (nE versus) in prediabetes. Twenty-one older adults (18F, 60.0 +/- 8.6 yrs. BMI 33.5 +/- 1.1 kg/m2) with prediabetes (ADA criteria; 75 g OGTT) were randomized to 12 supervised work-matched continuous (n = 13, 70% HRpeak) or interval (n = 8, 90% HRpeak and 50% HRpeak for 3 min each) sessions over 2-wks for 60 min/d. Aerobic fitness (VO2peak) and body weight were assessed. After an overnight fast, whole-body glucose tolerance (total area under the curve, tAUC) and insulin sensitivity (SIis) were determined from a 120 min 75 g OGTT. nE versus were acquired from 0 and 60 min time-points of the OGTT, and levels of insulin signaling proteins (ie, p-IRS-1, total-/p-Akt, pERK1/2, pJNK1/2, and pp38) and pro-BNDF were measured. OGTT stimulatory effects were calculated from protein differences (ie, OGTT 60 to 0 min). Adults were collapsed into a single group as exercise intensity did not affect nEV outcomes. Exercise raised VO2peak (+1.4 +/- 2.0 mL/kg/min, p = 0.008) and insulin sensitivity (p = 0.01) as well as decreased weight (-0.4 +/- 0.9 kg, p = 0.04) and whole-body glucose tAUC120min (p = 0.02). Training lowered 0-min pro-BDNF (704.1 +/- 1019.0 versus 414.5 +/- 533.5, p = 0.04) and increased OGTT-stimulated tAkt (-51.8 +/- 147.2 versus 95 +/- 204.5 a.u. p = 0.01), which was paralleled by reduced pAkt/tAkt at 60 min of the OGTT (1.3 +/- 0.2 versus 1.2 +/- 0.1 a.u. p = 0.04). Thus, 2 weeks of exercise altered neuronal insulin signaling responses to glucose ingestion and lowered pro-BNDF among adults with prediabetes, thereby potentially lowering ADRD risk.

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