Thirty-nine patients with stable chronic bronchitis and emphysema were randomly allocated into two groups. Eight withdrew before the study and six during the study. One group received six weeks active outpatient rehabilitation, the other (control) group six weeks attendance without rehabilitation. Before entry, patients were examined to assess stability and measure arterial blood gases. On both enry and completion the following were recorded: smoking history; carboxyhaemoglobin; FEV1; six minute walking distance (6MD); the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and visual analogue scale (VAS) of breathlessness. The treatment group showed a significant (p > 0.01) reduction in GHQ score after rehabilitation, suggesting a decrease in psychiatric symptoms. IN the control group, the GHQ score reduction was not statistically significant. The control group, but not the treatment group, showed a significant (p > 0.05) increase in 6MD. No significant difference was found in FEV1, VAS score, or the number of patients smoking after rehabilitation. Our rehabilitation programme appeared to benefit patients' psychological wellbeing, but this may be due to attendance at the groups rather than the rehabilitation programme per se. Underlying disease severity or perception of disability did not change.

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