OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of intermittent pneumatic compression therapy after arthroscopic release for post-traumatic elbow stiffness. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Single-centre trial conducted in Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 197 patients undergoing arthroscopic elbow release were randomised into intervention (n = 99) and control (n = 98) groups; 176 completed the study (intervention: n = 89, control: n = 87). Intervention: The intervention group received intermittent pneumatic compression therapy (GameReady TM) for 2 weeks plus four-week standard rehabilitation; the control group had rehabilitation alone. MAIN MEASURES: The primary outcome was improvement in elbow flexion-extension range-of-motion at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included forearm rotation range-of-motion, elbow strength (measured by Baltimore Therapeutic Equipment), and patient-reported outcomes at 4, 12, and 24 weeks. RESULTS: At 12 weeks, elbow flexion-extension range-of-motion did not differ significantly between groups. Secondary objective outcomes (forearm rotation and elbow strength) were also similar. However, the Intervention group reported significantly better elbow function at 24 weeks (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score function subscore: 95% confidence intervals 0.186 to 1.719; p = 0.015). Pain and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire scores showed no significant differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent pneumatic compression therapy did not significantly improve early elbow mobility or strength following arthroscopic release, but enhanced patient-reported elbow function at longer-term follow-up. Intermittent pneumatic compression therapy may be beneficial as an adjunct to standard rehabilitation. Further studies with larger samples and extended follow-up are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2500101221 (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, https://www.chictr.org.cn/, date of registration: 2025/04/22).

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