This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of a remotely supervised HIIT program implemented during six months NACT on quality of life (QoL) and physical health outcomes in women with breast cancer, assessed 18 to 24 months post-intervention. The HIIT intervention study was two arm randomized control trial implementing remotely supervised 4x4 min training at an intensity of 85 to 95% of peak heart rate for 6 months during NACT. Physical health was assessed by treadmill VO2peak, 6MWT and sit-to-stand test, and QoL by the EORTC QoL30. Participants were 24 BC survivors who agreed to participate in follow-up 18 to 24 months after the intervention (HIIT = 13, CG = 11). RESULTS: At follow-up, the HIIT group demonstrated significant difference in change of VO2peak (p = 0.046, ES 0.169) and time to exhaustion (p = 0.024, ES 0.211). Both groups presented significantly higher 6MWT and sit to stand test results at follow-up compared to pre-NACT (p < 0.005), while the magnitude of change was not significant. HIIT group results demonstrated moderate associations between 6MWT and Physical Functioning (r -0.674, p = 0.012) and Emotional Functioning (-0.567, p = 0.043). A remotely supervised 6-months HIIT during NACT showed positive effects on submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness, absolute VO2peak and muscle strength at 18 to 24 months follow-up. Moderate negative association between 6MWT and perceived physical and emotional functioning highlighted the complex relationship between physiological outcomes and self-reported QoL. The HIIT can be recommended during NACT to maintain prolonged effects on physical health of BC survivors.

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