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| Recharging healthcare professionals: a randomized controlled trial on the impact of automated massage chairs on depression, anxiety, stress, musculoskeletal pain, and biochemical markers |
| Ong MLY, Malik AA, Zain NM, Sansuddin N, Samsudin NH, Mohamed R, Long I, Mohd NH, Abdullah NA, Hashim HA |
| Health Science Reports 2025 Sep;8(9):e71226 |
| clinical trial |
| This trial has not yet been rated. |
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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Massage therapy has been shown to alleviate stress and improve well-being, making it a promising intervention for healthcare professionals who often face high levels of job-related stress. This study investigated the effects of automated massage chair therapy on negative emotional states, musculoskeletal pain, and biochemical markers in healthcare professionals. METHODS: Twenty-four healthcare professionals with moderate levels of depression, anxiety, and stress were randomly assigned to either an automated massage chair group or a progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) group. Each group received 15-min sessions, three times per week for 4 weeks, totaling 12 sessions. The depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 items (DASS-21), the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and blood biomarkers (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cortisol, beta-endorphin, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and myeloperoxidase (MPO)) were measured at baseline, after six sessions, and after 12 sessions. RESULTS: The massage chair group showed significant reductions in depression scores at 6 sessions (Z -2.043, p = 0.041), and in stress scores at 6 (Z -2.499, p = 0.012) and 12 sessions (Z -2.326, p = 0.020). Calf pain scores improved significantly at 12 sessions (right calf: Z -2.677, p = 0.007; left calf: Z -2.253, p = 0.024), and lower back pain reduced at both 6 (Z -2.275, p = 0.023) and 12 sessions (Z -2.517, p = 0.012). MPO levels were significantly reduced in the massage group post-intervention (F[1, 22] 7.956, p = 0.01; t (11) 2.959, p = 0.013), indicating anti-inflammatory effects. A significant time effect was also observed for beta-endorphin (F[1, 22] 6.632, p = 0.017), with reduced levels after massage (t (11) 3.321, p = 0.007). No significant changes were found in anxiety, blood pressure, heart rate, BDNF, cortisol, SOD1, or eNOS. CONCLUSIONS: Automated massage chair therapy significantly alleviated depression, stress, and musculoskeletal pain, particularly in the calves and lower back, with modest biochemical changes such as reduced MPO and beta-endorphin levels. These findings support massage chair use as a convenient, noncontact strategy to enhance psychological and physical well-being in healthcare professionals.
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