BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Salusin-alpha and -beta are two isoforms with opposing effects on the etiology of hypertension. We examined the effects of salusin-alpha and -beta, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), and heart rate variability (HRV) on the blood pressure (BP) response to high-intensity interval training (HIIT). METHODS: Eighty older adults with hypertension (n = 80, 59.8 +/- 6.1 yr, 27.2 +/- 1.4 kg/m 2, 158.0 +/- 11.9/98.7 +/- 6.1 mmHg) were randomized to HIIT or control (CTR). HIIT was performed for 12, 1.5 min intervals at 85% to 90% heart rate reserve (HR R) separated by 2 min at 50% to 55% HR R for 12 weeks. RESULTS: Systolic (SBP 17.7 +/- 4.4 mmHg) and DBP (6.9 +/- 2.3 mmHg) decreased after HIIT versus CTR (ps = 0.001). Salusin-alpha increased 144.9 +/- 34.3 pg/mL after HIIT versus CTR (ps = 0.001); while salusin-beta (308.7 +/- 98.7 pg/mL) and the salusin-beta/alpha ratio (0.89 +/- 0.31) decreased after HIIT versus CTR (ps = 0.001). cfPWV decreased 336.7 +/- 81.3 cm/s after HIIT versus CTR (p = 0.001). High-frequency power (HF 7.1 +/- 2.1 nu) and SDNN (6.8 +/- 1.4 ms) increased after HIIT versus CTR (ps = 0.001). Low-frequency power (LF 14.2 +/- 3.2 nu) and LF/HF ratio decreased 1.1 +/- 0.4 after HIIT versus CTR (ps = 0.001). After HIIT, salusin-beta (beta 0.468), LF (beta 0.189), HF (beta -0.176), and VO 2peak (beta -0.150) accounted for 82% of the variance in the SBP response (p < 0.0001), whereas the salusin-beta (beta 0.549), cfPWV (beta 0.346), VO 2peak (beta -0.186), and HF (beta -0.179), accounted for 72% of the variance in the DBP response (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Salusin-beta, cfPWV, HRV and VO 2peak appear to be implicated in the BP benefits of HIIT among older adults with hypertension.

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